Monarchy & Democracy in Britain | OCR GCSE History A 9-1 Resources

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A2:2 Monarchy and Democracy in Britain c.1000 - 2014

This British thematic study focuses on patterns of change and continuity in Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain over a long period of British history, c.1000 to 2014. This includes a broad sweep of time in which Britain is ruled by monarchs and which then develops into constitutional monarchies and finally parliamentary democracy. Key themes include individuals, institutions and groups with power; claims to power; methods of maintaining power; and challenges to power.

Key topic: c.1000–c.1485

Anglo-Saxon kingship c.1000–1066: the basis of kingship; the power and responsibilities of the kings; relations between the kings and the thegns;
Different claims to the throne in 1066: the Norman invasion, including the establishment of the Norman monarchy and the transfer of power from Saxons to Normans at all levels of society; the extent of the power of the monarch and the barons by 1087;
Struggles over power: John and Magna Carta; emergence of Parliament in the reigns of Henry III and Edward I, including the role and importance of Simon de Montfort; deposition of Richard II in 1389; and
Wars of the Roses.

Key topic: c.1485–c.1800

Tudor government: growth of royal power under Henry VIII; the role of Parliament under Henry VIII and Elizabeth I;
Defeat and return of monarchy: Charles I’s personal rule 1629–1640; the Civil Wars and the abolition of the monarchy; the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660;
James II’s rule and the reasons for the 1688 Revolution (The Glorious Revolution); the legacy of the Glorious Revolution including the Bill of Rights; the development of Parliament under William III and Anne; the emergence of political parties and the development of a Parliamentary monarchy in the course of the 1700s.

Key topic: c.1800–2014

The changing relationship between Parliament and people c.1800 to c.1918: dissatisfaction with electoral system by early 1800s; reasons for and impacts of the Parliamentary Reform Acts of 1832, 1867 and 1884; the rise and effectiveness of mass Trade Unions and the Labour Party 1880s–1914; the struggle for the vote for women and the reasons why it was won for some women in 1918.
The changing relationship between Parliament and people c.1914–c.1980: government control in the world wars; the increased role of the state from 1945 to c.1980;
Challenges to Parliament c.1980 to early 2000s: the Miners’ Strike 1984–1985, CND and Greenpeace; Prime Ministerial power under Thatcher and Blair; the devolution of power to regions of the UK; the challenges of coalition government.